The main limiting parameters of the current passive optical networks are bandwidth and insertion loss of the optical distribution network. The next part of this thesis is focused on the active optical networks design, depending on the cost of implementation and operating costs. Based on the results, the impact of the polarization mode dispersion on optical access networks was assessed. In the practical part of this thesis, analysis of the condition of the optical fibers in the Czech Republic is provided. The first and second chapters describe the necessary theory for understanding the outcomes presented in the rest part of the work. This thesis examines parameters of FTTx networks and possibilities for increases in limit values of some selected parameters. In the main part is created real model situation where is the requirement for the creation of optical access networks with broadband of TriplePlay, followed by selection of appropriate options and detailed project with a selection of active and passive elements with economic balance. An integral part of the project is the study of management and supervision optical networks. They are mainly associated with the TriplePlay services. Next part deals with the study of the most common services that can be on the optical access network to operate. In following chapter are characterized active and passive elements forming AON and PON networks. Another part is the analysis of the problems of construction and a description of the optical network topologies and technologies used in FTTH. Sum up the basic problems of communication on the optical fibre, followed by comparison with other types of access networks. This work deals with the modern trends in FTTX, but mainly focuses on FTTH, who represents the connecting of fiber to the homes of the participants. The model has its basic predicative value and is open to further elaboration. Delegating voters count is indeed a relevant parameter whereas total voters count is not. This conclusion is based on initial parameters of the model. If more voters are delegating, this effectiveness decreases even more.
Delegative democracy is less effective for small and cooperative system than direct democracy. Assessment of delegative democracy principles is achieved with data acquired from the agent-based model. These steps cover initial analysis, conceptual and technological proposal and development of the model itself. This methodology is composed of subsequent steps. Universal methodology called Agentology is used to propose a new agent-based model. Agent-based models apply a "new kind" of artificial intelligence - a dynamic system composed of individual and autonomous units - agents - which interact within the environment.
It is suitable for studying social phenomena such as democratic governance. Agent-based modelling is chosen to test the validity of delelagative democracy principles. Main issues are high costs, threat of populism and corruption and overall complexity. It is still only a concept and for real application it has to face rising critics. Delegative democracy is based on openness, awareness and trust. The voter is not forced to cast his vote directly, but it can be transferred to a delegate. It is derived from principles of direct democracy and presents only minimal form of representation. It is meant as a new system of trust among people. Delegative democracy is a new concept of democratic governance.
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